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{{short description|Index or textual consolidation of primary and secondary sources}} | {{short description|Index or textual consolidation of primary and secondary sources}} | ||
{{Distinguish|Tertiary sector of the economy}} | {{Distinguish|Tertiary sector of the economy}} | ||
{{ | {{For|Wikipedia's policy on the use of tertiary sources|Wikipedia:No original research#Tertiary}} | ||
A '''tertiary source''' is an index or textual consolidation of already published [[Primary source|primary]] and [[secondary source]]s<ref name="umd">[ | A '''tertiary source''' is an index or textual consolidation of already published [[Primary source|primary]] and [[secondary source]]s<ref name="umd">[https://guides.lib.odu.edu/informationliteracytutorials Primary, secondary and tertiary sources.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703015116/http://www.lib.umd.edu/ues/guides/primary-sources |date=2013-07-03 }}". University Libraries, University of Maryland. Retrieve 07/26/2013</ref> that does not provide additional interpretations or analysis of the sources.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.odu.edu/genedinfolit/1infobasics/tertiary_information_sources.html|title=Tertiary Information Sources|date=September 2012|publisher=Old Dominion University -- ODU Libraries|access-date=20 June 2013|archive-date=6 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906194053/http://www.lib.odu.edu/genedinfolit/1infobasics/tertiary_information_sources.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=JCU>"[http://libguides.jcu.edu.au/tertiary Tertiary sources] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106174742/http://libguides.jcu.edu.au/tertiary |date=2014-11-06 }}". James Cook University.</ref> Some tertiary sources can be used as an aid to find key (seminal) sources, key terms, general [[common knowledge]]<ref name="newhaven">"[http://libguides.newhaven.edu/content.php?pid=465151&sid=3809011 Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Resources]". University of New Haven.</ref> and established [[mainstream science]] on a topic. The exact definition of ''tertiary'' varies by [[Academic discipline|academic field]]. | ||
[[Research|Academic research]] standards generally do not accept tertiary sources such as [[encyclopedia]]s as citations,<ref name="newhaven" /> although [[survey article]]s are frequently cited rather than the original publication. | [[Research|Academic research]] standards generally do not accept tertiary sources such as [[encyclopedia]]s as citations,<ref name="newhaven" /> although [[survey article]]s are frequently cited rather than the original publication. | ||
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In some academic disciplines, the differentiation between a secondary and tertiary source is relative.<ref name="umd"/><ref name=JCU /> | In some academic disciplines, the differentiation between a secondary and tertiary source is relative.<ref name="umd"/><ref name=JCU /> | ||
In the [[UNISIST model|United Nations International Scientific Information System (UNISIST) model]], a secondary source is a bibliography, whereas a tertiary source is a synthesis of primary sources.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Søndergaard | first1 = T. F. | last2 = Andersen | first2 = J. | last3 = Hjørland | first3 = B. | doi = 10.1108/00220410310472509 | title = Documents and the communication of scientific and scholarly information: Revising and updating the UNISIST model | journal = Journal of Documentation | volume = 59 | issue = 3 | pages = 278 | year = 2003 | s2cid = 14697793 | In the [[UNISIST model|United Nations International Scientific Information System (UNISIST) model]], a secondary source is a bibliography, whereas a tertiary source is a synthesis of primary sources.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Søndergaard | first1 = T. F. | last2 = Andersen | first2 = J. | last3 = Hjørland | first3 = B. | doi = 10.1108/00220410310472509 | title = Documents and the communication of scientific and scholarly information: Revising and updating the UNISIST model | journal = Journal of Documentation | volume = 59 | issue = 3 | pages = 278 | year = 2003 | s2cid = 14697793 }}</ref> | ||
==Types of tertiary sources== | ==Types of tertiary sources== | ||
{{More citations needed | {{More citations needed section|date=May 2021}} | ||
As tertiary sources, encyclopedias, dictionaries, some [[textbook]]s,<ref name="umd" /> and [[compendium|compendia]] attempt to summarize, collect, and consolidate the source materials into an overview without adding analysis and synthesis of new conclusions. | As tertiary sources, encyclopedias, dictionaries, some [[textbook]]s,<ref name="umd" /> and [[compendium|compendia]] attempt to summarize, collect, and consolidate the source materials into an overview without adding analysis and synthesis of new conclusions. | ||
[[Bibliographic index|Indexes]], bibliographies, [[Concordance (publishing)|concordances]], and [[Database#Research|databases]] | [[Bibliographic index|Indexes]], [[Bibliography|bibliographies]], [[Concordance (publishing)|concordances]], and [[Database#Research|databases]] are aggregates of primary and secondary sources and therefore often considered tertiary sources. They may also serve as a point of access to the full or partial text of primary and secondary sources. [[Almanac]]s, [[guide book|travel guides]], [[field guide]]s, and [[timeline]]s are also examples of tertiary sources. | ||
[[ | [[Wikipedia]] is a tertiary source.<ref>{{cite web |title=Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Sources |url=https://crk.umn.edu/library/primary-secondary-and-tertiary-sources |access-date=19 April 2023 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota Crookston]]}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Source text]] | * [[Source text]] | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
{{Historiography}} | |||
{{Libraries and library science}} | |||
[[Category:Sources| ]] | [[Category:Sources| ]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:43, 27 September 2025
Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:For A tertiary source is an index or textual consolidation of already published primary and secondary sources[1] that does not provide additional interpretations or analysis of the sources.[2][3] Some tertiary sources can be used as an aid to find key (seminal) sources, key terms, general common knowledge[4] and established mainstream science on a topic. The exact definition of tertiary varies by academic field.
Academic research standards generally do not accept tertiary sources such as encyclopedias as citations,[4] although survey articles are frequently cited rather than the original publication.
Overlap with secondary sources
Depending on the topic of research, a scholar may use a bibliography, dictionary, or encyclopedia as either a tertiary or a secondary source.[1] This causes some difficulty in defining many sources as either one type or the other.
In some academic disciplines, the differentiation between a secondary and tertiary source is relative.[1][3]
In the United Nations International Scientific Information System (UNISIST) model, a secondary source is a bibliography, whereas a tertiary source is a synthesis of primary sources.[5]
Types of tertiary sources
Template:More citations needed section As tertiary sources, encyclopedias, dictionaries, some textbooks,[1] and compendia attempt to summarize, collect, and consolidate the source materials into an overview without adding analysis and synthesis of new conclusions.
Indexes, bibliographies, concordances, and databases are aggregates of primary and secondary sources and therefore often considered tertiary sources. They may also serve as a point of access to the full or partial text of primary and secondary sources. Almanacs, travel guides, field guides, and timelines are also examples of tertiary sources.
Wikipedia is a tertiary source.[6]
See also
References
Template:Historiography Template:Libraries and library science
de:Sekundärliteratur#Tertiärliteratur
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Primary, secondary and tertiary sources. Template:Webarchive". University Libraries, University of Maryland. Retrieve 07/26/2013
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Tertiary sources Template:Webarchive". James Cook University.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Resources". University of New Haven.
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ↑ Template:Cite web