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{{Short description|Sources of history}}''' | {{Short description|Sources of history}} | ||
A '''historical source''' encompasses "every kind of evidence that human beings have left of their past activities — the written word and spoken word, the shape of the landscape and the material artefact, the fine arts as well as photography and film."<ref>Tosh, John. 1999. ''The Pursuit of History''. 3rd Ed. Longman. p. 36</ref> | |||
While the range of potential historical sources has expanded to include many non-documentary sources, nevertheless "the study of history has nearly always been based squarely on what the historian can read in documents or hear from informants".<ref>Tosh, John. 1999. The Pursuit of History. 3rd Ed. Longman. p. 37</ref> | While the range of potential historical sources has expanded to include many non-documentary sources, nevertheless "the study of history has nearly always been based squarely on what the historian can read in documents or hear from informants".<ref>Tosh, John. 1999. ''The Pursuit of History''. 3rd Ed. Longman. p. 37</ref> | ||
Historical sources are divided into primary and secondary. | Historical sources are usually divided into primary and secondary, though some historians also refer to tertiary sources. | ||
== Types == | == Types == | ||
=== Primary source === | === Primary source === | ||
{{main article| | {{main article| | ||
Primary source}} | Primary source}} | ||
In the study of [[history]] as an academic discipline, a | In the study of [[history]] as an academic discipline, a "primary source" (also called an "original source") is a first hand account of events by someone who lived through them. "Primary sources were made during the historical period that is being investigated."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.historyskills.com/source-criticism/analysis/source-kind-and-type/ | title=Primary and secondary sources explained }}</ref> | ||
=== Secondary source === | === Secondary source === | ||
{{main article|Secondary source}} | {{main article|Secondary source}} | ||
In [[Scholarly method|scholarship]], a '''secondary source'''<ref name=UMD>"[http://lib.guides.umd.edu/c.php?g=327327&p=2195975 Primary, secondary and tertiary sources]". University Libraries, University of Maryland.</ref><ref name=JCU_2>"[http://libguides.jcu.edu.au/secondary Secondary sources] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106172448/http://libguides.jcu.edu.au/secondary |date=2014-11-06 }}". James Cook University.</ref> is a [[document]] or recording that relates or discusses information originally presented elsewhere. | In [[Scholarly method|scholarship]], a '''secondary source'''<ref name=UMD>"[http://lib.guides.umd.edu/c.php?g=327327&p=2195975 Primary, secondary and tertiary sources] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218124030/http://lib.guides.umd.edu/c.php?g=327327&p=2195975 |date=2020-02-18 }}". University Libraries, University of Maryland.</ref><ref name=JCU_2>"[http://libguides.jcu.edu.au/secondary Secondary sources] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106172448/http://libguides.jcu.edu.au/secondary |date=2014-11-06 }}". James Cook University.</ref> is a [[document]] or recording that relates or discusses information originally presented elsewhere. | ||
A secondary source is one that gives information about a primary source. In a secondary source, the original information is selected, modified and arranged in a suitable format. Secondary sources involve [[generalization]], [[analysis]], interpretation, or [[evaluation]] of the original information. | A secondary source is one that gives information about a primary source. In a secondary source, the original information is selected, modified and arranged in a suitable format. Secondary sources involve [[generalization]], [[analysis]], interpretation, or [[evaluation]] of the original information. | ||
=== Tertiary source === | === Tertiary source === | ||
{{main article|Tertiary source}} | {{main article|Tertiary source}} | ||
A '''tertiary source''' is an index or textual consolidation of already published [[Primary source|primary]] and [[secondary source]]s<ref name="umd">[http://www.lib.umd.edu/ues/guides/primary-sources Primary, secondary and tertiary sources.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703015116/http://www.lib.umd.edu/ues/guides/primary-sources |date=2013-07-03 }}". University Libraries, University of Maryland. Retrieve 07/26/2013</ref> that does not provide additional interpretations or analysis of the sources.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.odu.edu/genedinfolit/1infobasics/tertiary_information_sources.html|title=Tertiary Information Sources|date=September 2012|publisher=Old Dominion University -- ODU Libraries|access-date=20 June 2013}}</ref><ref name=JCU>"[http://libguides.jcu.edu.au/tertiary Tertiary sources] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106174742/http://libguides.jcu.edu.au/tertiary |date=2014-11-06 }}". James Cook University.</ref> Some tertiary sources can be used as an aid to find key (seminal) sources, key terms, general [[common knowledge]]<ref name="newhaven">"[http://libguides.newhaven.edu/content.php?pid=465151&sid=3809011 Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Resources]". University of New Haven.</ref> and established [[mainstream science]] on a topic. The exact definition of ''tertiary'' varies by [[Academic discipline|academic field]]. | A '''tertiary source''' is an index or textual consolidation of already published [[Primary source|primary]] and [[secondary source]]s<ref name="umd">[http://www.lib.umd.edu/ues/guides/primary-sources Primary, secondary and tertiary sources.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703015116/http://www.lib.umd.edu/ues/guides/primary-sources |date=2013-07-03 }}". University Libraries, University of Maryland. Retrieve 07/26/2013</ref> that does not provide additional interpretations or analysis of the sources.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.odu.edu/genedinfolit/1infobasics/tertiary_information_sources.html|title=Tertiary Information Sources|date=September 2012|publisher=Old Dominion University -- ODU Libraries|access-date=20 June 2013}}</ref><ref name=JCU>"[http://libguides.jcu.edu.au/tertiary Tertiary sources] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106174742/http://libguides.jcu.edu.au/tertiary |date=2014-11-06 }}". James Cook University.</ref> Some tertiary sources can be used as an aid to find key (seminal) sources, key terms, general [[common knowledge]]<ref name="newhaven">"[http://libguides.newhaven.edu/content.php?pid=465151&sid=3809011 Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Resources]". University of New Haven.</ref> and established [[mainstream science]] on a topic. The exact definition of ''tertiary'' varies by [[Academic discipline|academic field]]. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
| Line 39: | Line 37: | ||
{{Historiography}} | {{Historiography}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
__NOTOC__ | |||
[[Category:Historiography]] | [[Category:Historiography]] | ||
[[Category:History resources]] | [[Category:History resources]] | ||
[[Category:Works about history|Source]] | [[Category:Works about history|Source]] | ||
[[Category:Sources]] | [[Category:Sources]] | ||
Latest revision as of 14:28, 27 September 2025
Template:Short description A historical source encompasses "every kind of evidence that human beings have left of their past activities — the written word and spoken word, the shape of the landscape and the material artefact, the fine arts as well as photography and film."[1]
While the range of potential historical sources has expanded to include many non-documentary sources, nevertheless "the study of history has nearly always been based squarely on what the historian can read in documents or hear from informants".[2]
Historical sources are usually divided into primary and secondary, though some historians also refer to tertiary sources.
Types
Primary source
In the study of history as an academic discipline, a "primary source" (also called an "original source") is a first hand account of events by someone who lived through them. "Primary sources were made during the historical period that is being investigated."[3]
Secondary source
In scholarship, a secondary source[4][5] is a document or recording that relates or discusses information originally presented elsewhere.
A secondary source is one that gives information about a primary source. In a secondary source, the original information is selected, modified and arranged in a suitable format. Secondary sources involve generalization, analysis, interpretation, or evaluation of the original information.
Tertiary source
A tertiary source is an index or textual consolidation of already published primary and secondary sources[6] that does not provide additional interpretations or analysis of the sources.[7][8] Some tertiary sources can be used as an aid to find key (seminal) sources, key terms, general common knowledge[9] and established mainstream science on a topic. The exact definition of tertiary varies by academic field.
See also
External links
References
Template:Historiography Template:Authority control
- ↑ Tosh, John. 1999. The Pursuit of History. 3rd Ed. Longman. p. 36
- ↑ Tosh, John. 1999. The Pursuit of History. 3rd Ed. Longman. p. 37
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ "Primary, secondary and tertiary sources Template:Webarchive". University Libraries, University of Maryland.
- ↑ "Secondary sources Template:Webarchive". James Cook University.
- ↑ Primary, secondary and tertiary sources. Template:Webarchive". University Libraries, University of Maryland. Retrieve 07/26/2013
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ "Tertiary sources Template:Webarchive". James Cook University.
- ↑ "Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Resources". University of New Haven.